This was an important symbolic gesture, which angered Philip II. The imprisonment owed to her likely involvement in the murder of her second husband, Lord Darnley. - I partly agree with the statement as both France and Spain were powerful Catholic countries, who could unite against Protestant England. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. Queen Elizabeth showed no mercy to the rebels and the Earl of Northumberland along with 400 rebel troops were executed while the Earl of Westmorland fled abroad. Drake also managed to capture a Spanish ship called the. Spouse: None. Coronation: 15 January 1559, Westminster Abbey. A war would have to involve invasion because after 1558 England had no possessions in mainland Europe (Calais had been lost in 1558). How much is the average salary for an overseas dentist? Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! As such, the Catholic community cited both religious and legal reasons why Elizabeth had no right to be Queen, which made her accession extremely problematic. 1. Two influential Catholic families the Percys and the Nevilles plotted alongside the Duke of Norfolk to overthrow Elizabeth and replace her with the Catholic, Mary, Queen of Scots (who now resided in England). There were French troops in Scotland, and this posed a problem for Elizabeth and the security of England because England was still technically at war with France. Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland was part of the rebellion against Queen Elizabeth. The raid on Cadiz was a good strategic move by the English and not only weakened the Spanish, but strengthened the English. -Threats from Catholics in the middle years were significant e.g. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. Elizabeth was in debt, she was unmarried and therefore had no alliances to help her counter the Auld Alliance (which would have been a concern even if Mary Queen of Scots and Prince Francis were not married and even if Mary had no claim to the throne). With the seemingly imminent war between Spain only a matter of time, Elizabeth was determined to rid England of the enemy within. Over 100,000 of this was owed to the Antwerp Exchange who charged an interest rate of 14%. Elizabeth seized the gold which angered King Phillip and in response, he seized English ships that were in Antwerp. You may use the following in your answer: France and Elizabeth's legitimacy (16 marks) 'Religion was the main cause of the . This partly explained why harsher treatment of Catholics occurred soon after, led by the Council of the North. This was a huge sum of money, especially when you consider the annual income of the Crown was approximately 286,000. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. The French Catholic League signed this treaty with Philip II of Spain. Insolvency therefore limited the choices of the new Queen and instantly undermined her power. In 1558, England and Spain were still allies against France, but King Philip of Spain (who had been married to Mary) hated Protestantism with a passion. Philip II and the Pope supported the plot that would involve the invasion of England by the Duke of Guise. The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeths predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. Parents: Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. The leading figure involved in the plot was Francis Throckmorton, a young Catholic man who carried messages between Mary and Catholic conspirators abroad. Spain and France were the major European powers. The war was going badly for England. She raised an army following her escape from prison but was defeated at Langside (Glasgow). After inheriting the throne from her sister Mary I, Elizabeth was 300,000 in debt. In 1568 Elizabeth also controversially stole gold from Spanish ships (which was loaned from Genoese banks to fund the Spanish army, against the Dutch rebels) that were staying at English ports. July 31st: Battle of Plymouth two Spanish ships were captured. Henry himself gave people cause . King Phillip saw the signing of the 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch as a declaration fo war on Spain and in response, he began to build a huge fleet of ships known as an Armada to invade England with. When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. One reason Dudley failed was that he wasnt a talented general or tactician. Elizabeth faced many problems upon her accession to her throne in 1558 and, whilst the question of legitimacy was important, the immediate concerns of debt, as well as the threat from France and Scotland were of far greater significance as they instantly impacted upon her ability to rule. She changed the church back to Anglican and it has been the official . They were not able to do this because the English used their greater manoeuvrability to stay out of range while firing broadsides (massive barrages of cannonballs) that could sink the Spanish ships. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. The Spanish plan to meet the Duke of Parma at Dunkirk was seriously flawed. Importantly though, the arrival of Mary Queen of Scots in England did more to embolden the threat of Catholicism. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Therefore, I disagree with the statement. Many of the rebel troops deserted while the two Earls fled to Scotland. Elizabeth I is by many historians considered one of England's greatest ever monarchs, which heralded the 'golden age' in English history. There are many reasons for this, including interference in English affairs from the Pope, Elizabeths role in the Dutch revolt (which angered Catholic Spain), Mary Queen of Scots arrival in England in 1568 and the rebellion in 1569 that was led by the Catholic Earls Northumberland and Westmoreland. The Religious Settlement of 1559 - History Learning Site We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. She was then third in line behind her Roman Catholic half-sister, Princess Mary. All Catholic priests are ordered to leave the country. The victory over the Spanish boosted Elizabeths popularity and strengthened the Protestant cause as it was a sign that God favoured Protestantism. There were fewer naval ships anchored there and the port was the centre for a large number of naval supplies which Drake intended to either seize or destroy. It was estimated that Drake returned with approximately 400,000 of Spanish treasure from regular raids of Spanish ports in South America. - Quite a significant political threat as both France and Spain had the power to invade England. The first question to ask yourself when revising for GCSE psychology is which exam board am I studying? From allies to enemies: Queen Elizabeth and King Philip - History English sailors land at Roanoke to find it abandoned. The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. They were also fearful that France would rekindle their loyalty to Scotland and threaten England from the north and south together. The new and updated summary of the British and American history This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. The war against France ended in 1559, and following Elizabeths accession, they tried to maintain good relations between the two countries. This peace treaty between England and France ended the war inherited by Elizabeth from her half-sister Mary I, who went to war alongside her Spanish husband Philip II in 1557. PDF GCSE History Elizabethan Age, 1558-1603 Revision guide By spring 1588, the Spanish Armada was complete and King Phillip was ready to launch his, The Armada was a huge fleet consisting of, The Spanish also had thousands of more soldiers stationed in the Netherlands under the command of the. Looking back at historical examples, it might be because they did a . Essentially, this meant England and Spain were now at war. The plan was discovered and the Earls feared being executed for treason, so in a desperate attempt to escape punishment, they rebelled against Elizabeth and tried to overthrow her. The Armada set sail in May 1588, but due to bad weather and attempts by an English fleet to intercept it, was delayed for several weeks in the Bay of Biscay. 806 8067 22 Registered Office: Imperial House, 2nd Floor, 40-42 Queens Road, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 3XB, Taking a break or withdrawing from your course. Level 4 is about analysis supported by a detailed line of reasoning, so embracing counter-arguments like this are encouraged (so long as they can be explained).]. Philip IIs decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. Elizabeth and the Netherlands Issue - 1576-1584 (GCSE Example - Tutor2u "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th point + evidence. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. In all, whilst the Catholic threat was increased through Elizabeths interference with the Dutch revolt, as it incurred the anger of the Spanish, it was Mary Queen of Scots presence that emboldened the Catholic threat. Their complete failure effectively ended any threat Spain posed to the English. By 1572 Protestant ideas had spread in the Netherlands and Protestant Dutch rebels began a campaign for independence from Catholic Spain, leading to the Dutch Revolt. There were several factors that influenced Queen Elizabeths decision to sign the Treaty of Nonsuch including: Elizabeth believed in Divine Right and due to this, she didnt want to remove King Phillip as the ruler of Netherlands. Despite the failure of 1585, another attempt to colonise Virginia took place. [Blog], Medicine Community Feedback and Suggestions, 2023 entry A100 / A101 Medicine fastest and slowest offer senders, Borders & Enforcement, Immigration Enforcement - Immigration Officer June 22, Official University of the Arts London 2023 Applicants Thread. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. Elizabeth I and France - History Learning Site Marriage and the Succession She was expected to marry and produce an heir for the Tudor line but she wanted to choose the right person and not anger anyone. 2) This war was not a success. When are the GCSE exams for 2020?Which exam board are you studying? Legitimacy of succession: The Pope did not recognise Henry VIII's marriage to Anne. What made the Auld Alliance stronger at this time was the fact that Mary, Queen of Scots was married to the French Prince Francis II. Company Reg no: 04489574. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - introduction. Moreover, a child would create more stability domestically and nullify challenges to the throne (like that from Mary Queen of Scots) as a political vacuum would have been filled. Babington and other known plotters were hanged, drawn and quartered. During this journey, they encountered several powerful Atlantic storms and this resulted in many ships sinking or being wrecked on the Scottish and Irish coasts. 1) In 1557, Mary I took England to war with France to support her husband who was already fighting the French. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: In 1568, the Queens Spymaster, Francis Walsingham used his spy network to prove that Mary had supported the Babington Plot. Continue with Recommended Cookies. his early wars against France and his championing of Catholic orthodoxy against the teachings of Martin Luther. he could also overthrow her. If those Catholics decided to rebel against . August 8th: Battle of Gravelines fireships caused the Spanish fleet to scatter. Instead, both men preferred to negotiate a settlement. By the end of Elizabeths reign, the navy was also playing an important role in settling up an English colony in North America. It had to deal with Irish . However, there were other challenges facing Elizabeth. Manage Settings She replaced her Catholic half-sister Mary, who died childless. Died: 24 March 1603. Moreover, the brazenness of these revolts was further helped by the blessing of the Pope, whose directives on recusancy and overthrowing Elizabeth were obeyed by many Catholics both domestically and internationally. What Problems Did Elizabeth Face in 1558? - 844 Words | Studymode . Probably at the core of Elizabeth's decision to remain single was an unwillingness to compromise her power. The harsh weather conditions made it impossible for the Spanish fleet to return to the Channel after the battle of Gravelines. Spains forces in the Netherlands mutinied (as they hadnt been paid by the now bankrupt Spanish government). The English navy attempted some minor raids but they were largely ineffective as only 2 Spanish ships were lost, and these were by accident. Apple Ordered to Pay Optis Wireless $300 Million in Second LTE Patent Trial. A number of Catholic plots to remove Elizabeth in the 1570s and 1580s had his involvement although he was reluctant and half-hearted in their execution. Foreign Affairs. Phillip II of Spain proposed marriage to Elizabeth. gcse history 16 mark answer - The Student Room The Spanish Fury united both the Dutch Catholics and Protestants, who demanded in response to the violence: 1) the expulsion of all Spanish troops from the Netherlands 2) political freedom and 3) an end to religious hostility via the Spanish Inquisition. There are 4 main exam boards used in the UK. Elizabeth, however, did not sign the death warrant until February 1587. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! The Duke of Norfolk was arrested and executed however Mary was not punished beyond her supervision being made tighter. to answer the Section Focus Question: Elizabeth had given financial help to the rebels, however, remained reluctant to provoke King Phillip by getting directly involved. You may use the following in your answer: Mary, Queen of Scots and foreign threat (12 marks) . Even though a truce was decided, there was still a constant threat from the Scots and French to the English security . One last thing to consider was the fact that Elizabeth was unmarried and childless. However this union was appalling because he was Catholic was married to the previous queen, and a foreigner. God blew and they were scattered - The National Archives
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