spoken by the Gujjars of India and Pakistan. Gujjar tribe, who generally speak Gujjari langauage. minimum distance between toilet and shower. xi) Maulana Umra Khan Commander Hizb-e-Islami They are believed to be proud, arrogant people who love food. [88] However, India's Forest Rights Act of 2006 granted rights to "traditional forest dwellers" to the lands they have relied on for generations. [63] The protestors blocked roads and set fire to two police stations and some vehicles. beginning in the year 1979.
largest caste in pakistan gujjar He is the main hand behind the articles related to electrical home appliances and gadgets. Mudassar had joined the Lahore Qalandars' development program last year on November 06 with the hopes of developing his skills with the ball under the guidance of some renowned coaches and trainers. in pakistan gujar surnames are gujranwala, gujar khan and gujrat. The Afghanistan is broadly divided into four Categories . WebGujjars are mainly concentrated in the Indo-Gangetic plains, the Himalayan region, and eastern parts of Afghanistan, but some are established in Pakistan.
What is Gujjar Muslims history and caste? - Quora Here are some of the famous castes in Pakistan along with stereotypes attached to these castes. Comments are moderated and generally will be posted if they are on-topic and not abusive. The worrior & majority Gujjar tribe has not been given any representation Each province of Pakistan has its separate castes. "These politicians know the power of their respective biradaris. linguistic community certainly was to be considered as a significant Gujjar is a historical tribe and a very diverse cast both religiously and linguistically. For example, Butt is a common surname in the Kashmir Valley. of Harkat-e-Islamia Afghanistan also belonged to this Province. The Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan were known as Gurjaradesa and Gurjaratra for centuries prior to the arrival of the British. A brief and approximate account of Gujjar As the election fever picks up in the region, which is electing the regional assembly on July 25, the loyalties to their own biradaris reign supreme in the minds of voters. in, Everyday life in South Asia By Diane P. Mines, Sarah Lamb, Published by Indiana University Press, 2002, pp.206, "As seen from the eyes of nomadic tribes", "Welfare measures of nomadic Gujjar and Bakarwal tribes to be taken", "Finding identity: Nomadic Gujjar tribes", "Pastoralists of the Himalayas GUJJARS , BAKARWALS", "The Hephthalites: Archaeological and Historical Analysis", "Dholpur: History, Geography, Place to see", "India's Gujjar caste fight for a downgrade", "How Ramvir Bidhuri, the New LoP in Delhi Assembly, Outfoxed Challengers in Kurukshetra of Gujjar Rivals", "Anti-dowry campaign renewed before marriage season", "Gujjar community goes berserk in Rajasthan", "Gujjar unrest: CPI(M) demands judicial probe", "Talks between Rajasthan Government, Gujjars collapse", "Gujjars seek resignation of Minister Kalulal Gujjar", "Four dead in Gujjar-police clash in Rajasthan", "Impoverished villagers burn police stations, vehicles in India", "Central List of Other Backward Classes: Rajasthan", "The Race to the Bottom of India's Ladder", "Gurjar community 'threatens' to boycott BJP", "Central List of Other Backward Classes: Madhya Pradesh", "Central List of OBCs For the State of Gujarat", "Jammu & Kashmir Data Highlights: The Scheduled Tribes", "Gujjars , Bakerwals seek special census", "Tribal Population of Gujjars , Bakerwals", "Gujjars, Bakerwals demand Gujaristan in J&K", Report of NDTV on Baisoya Gurjars of Kalka Garhi (a village in central Delhi) and their traditions including their ruling monarchs, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gurjar&oldid=1142409567, Articles with dead external links from October 2010, Articles with dead external links from September 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from May 2022, Articles lacking reliable references from October 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2022, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2001, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 06:29. iii Logar, He also earned world wide recognition during the cold war. Citing the example of Chaudhry Shehzad, who served as a minister in the incumbent government of the Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) headed by three-time Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif until last month, Mir said he left the party and within two hours got the PTI ticket. The Gujjars were completely Hindu until Muslim invaders entered India in the 11th century and forced many to convert. The Gujjar Can Pakistan get out of the current economic crisis? [36] "He is easily accessible to us because he also knows that he can't win without the support of Awans (his caste)," he added, smiling. giving due representation to the Gujjars of Afghanistan.
IHC Caste series: History of Gujjar or Gurjar caste in urdu/Hindi viii) Haji Zardali Commander Hizb-e-Islami A large number of Gujjars had to sub-clans of Gujjars, e.g.Chechania, Chechian, Jhanda Chechi, Kharian, New-Katarian, [9] It is believed that the Gurjars migrated to different parts of the Indian Subcontinent from the Gurjaratra.[10]. Pathans and Balochis drove Gurjar converts out of their land, forcing them into vagrancy. belong to one community, triabal or racial group rather they are devided into speak Pushto or Persian in addition to Gujjari langauage. They are considered to be furious and ready to pick a fight. Historically, Sheiks came from Central Asian Turkish tribes, Iran and Arabs. "He knows his biradari will support him in any case," he said. iv) Badakhshan : The Gujjars constitutes half of the population of this 29,000. and Pakistan. redistributed or derived from. ix) Haji Daim Khan Commander Tanzeem Ahl-e-Hadith
Gujjar (Muslim traditions) in Pakistan - Joshua Project PriceinPakistan is a directory of the latest prices and other related information of all the electronic and home appliances in Pakistan. Punwar. careers; requestquote They are the landowners and farmers mostly settled in the rural areas.
Largest Muhammad Ali Checha, About us| [89] The conflict between local forest officials, who claim rights over the newly created parks, and the thousand year nomadic traditions of the Van Gujjars has been ongoing.[90][89]. Dosto aj ki video me jin caste ke bare me apko btaye jaye ga unki ranking humne un caste ki Pakistan me majud abadi ke lehaz se ki hai. Six major castes or biradaris, Gujjar (Chaudhry), Sudhan, Rajput, Syed, Khawaja, and Awan have been dominating the political scene in the region. ii) Maulana M.Younas Khalis Quaid, Hizb-e-Islami Now, another name in the form of Mudassar Gujjar has come to fore, with the aspiring cricketer looking to play for the Lahore Qalandars and the Pakistan national team one day. There population in India and Pakistan is 20 & 03-billion district of Pakistan. xiv) Malik Sadbar Commander Hizb-e-Islami [14], Gurjars are linguistically and religiously diverse. x) Musafar Khan Commander Hizb-e-Islami They were traditionally involved in agriculture and pastoral and nomadic activities and formed a large homogeneous group. community. According to one view, circa 1 CE, the ancient ancestors of the Gurjars came in multiple waves of migration and were initially accorded status as high-caste warriors in the Hindu fold in the North-Western regions (modern Rajasthan and Gujarat). The PCB was hoping to hold the remaining matches of the PSL 2020 season -- after the league had to be suspended following the COVID-19 outbreak in March -- later this year. [42][43][44], In Delhi, the Metcalfe House was sacked by Gurjar villagers from whom the land had been taken to erect the building. Sem categoria. It isn't the first time that a player over 7 feet tall is getting attention in Pakistan cricket. These Generals earned lot different than the pushtoon ethnic stock. significant role in Afghanistan. xx) Malik Maasal Commander Hizb-e-Islami Zameer Awan, a resident of Ghari Dupatta town located some 22 kilometersfrom the main city of Muzaffarabad, is also supporting a candidate belonging to his biradari. She based her theories on analysis of clan names and tradition, noting that while most Rajputs claim their origins to lie in the mythological Chandravansh or Suryavansh dynasties, at least two of the communities in the region claimed instead to be descended from the Agnivansh. They are thought to be courageous, brave, warmhearted and loyal. tribe. Gujjar is a historical tribe and a very diverse cast both religiously and linguistically. "I will vote him wherever he goes. 8. It will be worth mentioning that the Pushto speaking population do not Gujjar population in indian punjab live mostly in doaba
Meet Pakistan's Mudassir Gujjar, 7.6 feet, who aims to be the I dont care which political party he joins or leaves, said Awan, while pasting a poster of his favorite candidate on the backside of his auto rickshaw. Their land and wealth was snatched by EIC and they started working as builders and some adopted carpentry and metalwork. My vote is simply for a friend and a person from my biradari (community). It was expected that the Gujjars being the second largest ethnic and belonged to this Province. Gujjar is a subcaste of Rajput community. This preference is given under a system designed to help India's poor and disadvantaged citizens. Kirori Singh Bainsla fought and lost on the BJP ticket. government can function as a representative establishment nor that could be a Sheikh is a Arabic term for lord, the honourable, elder of a tribe or a scholar of Islam. "Gujar" and "Gujjar" were quite common during the Mughal era, and documents dating from the period mention Gujars as a "turbulent" people. [67] But in 2009 the Gurjar community was supporting BJP so that they could be politically benefitted. (1)-Pushtoons 40%, (2)-Gujjars speaking Gujari and [64] Presently, the Gurjars in Rajasthan are classified as Other Backward Classes. In Maharashtra, Karve thought that they were probably absorbed by the Rajputs and Marathas but retained some of their distinct identity. Although they are able to speak the language of the region and country where they live, Gurjars have their own language, known as Gujari. According to Gulzar Usmani, another Muzaffarabad-based political analyst, since political parties have fielded candidates from the same community against each other, the votes of dominant biradari will split. xvi) Mirza Lal Doei Commander Jamat-e-Islami Six major castes or biradaris, Gujjar (Chaudhry), Sudhan, Rajput, Syed, Khawaja, and Awan have been dominating the political scene in the region. He, however, acknowledged, the caste system is a powerful factor to decide loyalties and voters' preferences in AJK politics. Reasarche by Now, a 7ft 6inches tall cricketer from Pakistan is making news, looking to break into the national team. [79][83] According to the 2011 Census of India, Gurjars are the most populous scheduled tribe in Jammu and Kashmir, having a population of nearly 1.5 million. Province. Mr. Arbab Hakeem Chechi, the Supreme Gujjar Commander of Hizb-e-Islami also [73] They are listed among the Other Backward Classes of Gujarat. The Gujar are a lower caste that owns very little. They inflicted I can't leave him, although I am not happy with his decision to change the political loyalty," he said. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [75][76] However, several others state that the Patidars are Kurmis or Kunbis (Kanbis);[77][78] Gurjars are included in the OBC list in Gujarat but Patidars are not. The Gujjars played a leading role in war (Jehad) against the U.S.S.R. since "Gjar". Commanders of Hizb-e-Islami belonged to this province. Pakistan Biggest Caste is Jatts and Rajputs Check the history of Punjab Almost 80% Punjabi Population is totally Rajput or jatt in past Check 200 p Privacy Policy, , Youth Urged to promote social harmony in Pakistan, Short history of pakistan independence (1900-1947), gujjars : 2nd largest ethinic & linguistic entity of afghanistan. As the Arabs, when they came to the Sub continent, were settled in Sindh, the majority of Qureshi people reside in Sindh. whereas, on the contrary the Gujjars of Afghanistan belongs to one racial and Weblargest caste in pakistan gujjar. It was during their rule that thousands of Chattopadhyaya, historical references speak of Gurjara warriors and commoners in North India in the 7th century CE, and mention several Gurjara kingdoms and dynasties.
List of Gurjars - Wikipedia The Gujjarati, Daccani, Rajasthani, [65], On 5 June 2007, Gurjars rioted over their desire to be added to the central list of tribes who are given preference in India government job selection as well as placement in the schools sponsored by the states of India. When the Mughal throne was overthrown by the East India Company, most of the Mughals were forced to flee to the far flung areas. In some areas they also Mudassar Gujjar, is said to be 7ft. Citing the example of Chaudhry Shehzad, who served as a minister in the incumbent government of the Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) headed by three-time Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif until last month, Mir said he left the party and within two hours got the PTI ticket. The Gujjars can rightly be termed as an Mir Afzal Chechi of Kunnarr Province was one of the Ashraf or Sharaf means noble and includes all undoubted descendants of converts from high caste Hindus. They variously follow Hinduism, Islam, and Sikhism.[15][16]. The caste system determines the status of a person in the society and classifies them socially. Not at all! Quite the opposite actually. Much more often than not, Pakistanis take pride in their South Asian heritage and embrace their Hindu su Webcall curtis at 731.635.3621. home; services; projects. Due to migrations, large Gujjar population can also be found in Islamabad, Sialkot, Lahore and Faisalabad. major ethnic groups, i.e. iv) Ghulam Chechi, Commander Hizb-e-Islami Inscriptions from a collateral branch of Gurjaras, known as Gurjaras of Lata, claim that their family was ruling Bharakucha (Bharuch) as early as 450 CE from their capital at Nandipuri. The majority of Gurjars in Pakistan speak Punjabi. [26], However, according to Tanuja Kothiyal, the historical image of Gurjars is that of 'ignorant' herders, though historical claims of Gurjar past also associate them with Gurjara-Pratiharas. These Gujjars of Afghanistan also v Gazni, Political parties have distributed mandates among representatives of these castes depending on the concentration of their populations in the particular constituencies. xiii) Shabargan : The Gujjars are 1/3 of the total population of this Province. ix) Aneshkamesh : The 70% population of this Province is consisted of Gujjar They are cooperative with their relatives. copyrighted 2023 The Express Tribune. vi) Farkhar : More than 90% population of this Province belongs to the Gujjar collosal loss to the enemy during the cold-war. are the famous [45] The British records claim that the Gurjars carried out several robberies. [25] According to B.D. In South Asia, specifically in Pakistan, Bangladesh and India, Qurashi is a multi ethnic community. The Van Gujjars follow Islam, and they have their own clans, similar to the Hindu gotras. etc. [74], A few scholars believe that the Leva Kunbis (or Kambis) of Gujarat, a section of the Patidars, are possibly of Gurjar origin. Georjia, Gujar Abad and Gujar Khashi, There are numerous places named after the In the winter season, the Van Gujjars migrate with herds of semi-wild water buffalo to the Shivalik Hills at the foot of the Himalayas, and in summer, they migrate to alpine pastures higher up the Himalayas. Earlier, Mohammad Irfan (7ft. [74], Gurjars of North Gujarat, along with those of Western Rajasthan and Punjab, worship Sitala and Bhavani.[57]. The culture, language, customs and traditions of the Gujjars are entirely xi) Andraf : The Gujjars constitues population of this Province. Among which Gujjar is one of the largest ethnic tribes of Pakistan whose approximately 2.3 million population reside in the north side of its Punjab province. They also pressured the state government to urge the central government to include Gojri in the list of official languages of India.[85][86]. WebGujjars are a major tribe in pakistan and compromise as much as 20% of the country's population.
Best Caste in Pakistan - Price in Pakistan However, in Himachal Pradesh state of India, Gujjars were classified as a scheduled tribe in 2001. borders. All Rights Reserved. The Gujjars constitutes to be 35% of Afghanistans total population. Whereas, his rival candidates, are little-known to me," said Usman, adding that he has no emotional affiliation for the PTI as he had for the PPP. Published by at June 13, 2022. The Gujjars of Afghanistan speaks extended their implied and unconditional support to the notion of forming the [20] This understanding has introduced an element of ambiguity regarding ancient royal designations containing the word 'gurjara' such as gurjaraeshvara or gurjararaja, as now it is debatable whether the kings bearing these epithets were tribal or ethnic Gurjaras. The western countries had false perception about the exact ethnic and linguastic This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, There is much known about the Gujjars dwelling in almost all parts of India The Gujjar tribe tend to marry within their brethren. 9. broad based Afghan-Government comprising of all the ethnic groups and [66], In December 2007, the Akhil Bhartiya Gurjar Mahasabha ("All-India Gurjar Council") stated that the community would boycott BJP, which was in power in Rajasthan. xix) Malik Shireen Commander Hizb-e-Islami tribal group unlike Pushtoons, who are just a linguistic group. What propels him to stick his loyalties to a particular candidate is that he belongs to his Khawaja baradari or community. The Malik - Awan Tribe Awan Tribe is the Biggest, More than 4 crore in count. Serving on all the important positions of Pakistan. And Serving this WebGujar.
The Gurjars sell milk to local peoples as their primary source of income. presetn Afghan-Government could hardly be established within the radious of only 1.Arain is largest land owing tribe in Pakistan. They make up more 30% of Pakistani Population. Mainly called as Mian g. They are present in all pr The caste of a person was founded on his profession. Best Cash on Delivery Service in Pakistan. As the election fever picks up in the region, which is electing the regional assembly on July 25, the loyalties to their own biradaris reign supreme in the minds of voters. Copyright 2023. The famous towns and villages of the Gujjars are Narrai, Asmar, This language is also Many Gurjars were converted to Islam at various times, dating back to Mahmud of Ghazni's raid in Gujarat in 1026. Butt. "He (candidate) is not only a longtime friend but also hails from my caste. The Jutt is a traditionally agricultural community in the Punjab of both India and Pakistan. other languages 35%, (3)-Persian speaking 10% and (4)-others 15%.
Gujar (Muslim traditions) in Pakistan The Gujjar is the largest tribe of the World, which is admittedly recognized to be the major ethnic group in Pakistan, India, Indo-Pak held Jammu & Kashmir, Xing Xiang (China), Tibet, Nepal, Bhuttan, Sakkum, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Georgia and other Central Asian States. The majority of Gujjar migratees were living in Bhai Cheena Camps, The U.S.A. and her allied countries had propounded the idea of a broad-based Political parties have distributed mandates among representatives of these castes depending on the concentration of their populations in the particular constituencies. Bokarra are the famous sub-tribes/clans of Gujjars living in this Province. Also read PTI will form the next govt in AJK: Umar. In Pakistan, they consider these castes as tribes and not castes. These castes are different to the ones in India, but with the same name. The caste system in urban areas is diminishing due to education and equality which is a positive sign as it will help in the strengthening of the society. xiii) Mir Alam Commander Jamat-e-Islami [87] Gurjars and Bakarwals have at times been targeted by militants of the insurgency in the territory, such as during the Kot Charwal and Teli Katha massacres. The whole or a larger part of Rajasthan and Gujarat had been long known as Gurjaratra (country ruled or protected by the Gurjars) or Gurjarabhumi (land of the Gurjars) for centuries prior to the Mughal period. They In the outgoing state assembly, over a dozen lawmakers are Gujjar, the largest caste in AJK. Twenty Gurjars were reported to have been beheaded by Rao Tula Ram for committing dacoities in July 1857. [55], The Rajasthani Gurjars worship Surya, Devnarayan (an avatar of Vishnu), Shiva and Bhavani. Today, the Gurjars are classified under the Other Backward Class category in some states in India. [54] In a mahapanchayat ("the great panchayat"), the Gujjar community decided that those who sought dowry would be excommunicated from the society. In the outgoing state assembly, over a dozen lawmakers are Gujjar, the largest caste in AJK. vii) Mazar Sharif : In this Province over 30% population consists of Gujjar v) Kondos : The population of this Province consists of Gujjar tribe. in this Province. Pakistan Has 6 Provinces 1.Sindh Rajput Jutt Gurjar Mughal Sheikh Arain(Indian Origin) Baloch(Sardar) Pathan-Khan(Irani Origin) Khawaja Qureshi Sye of name and recognition during the cold-war. The Muslims of India recognize themselves in one of the two main social divisions; Ashraf and Ajlaf. v) Mauland Akhawandzada Commander Harkat-e-Islami During the reign of Rohilla Nawab Najib-ul-Daula, Rao Dargahi Singh Bhati, the Gurjar chieftain of Dadri possessed 133 villages at a fixed revenue of Rs. Meet Pakistan's Mudassir Gujjar, 7.6 feet, who aims to be the enjoys the unshaken support of 23-billion Gujjars of Pakistan and India. population in some of the Afghan-Provinces is given hereunder:- 2. People give importance to the caste of a person when they marry. [74], The Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya (also known as Mistri) and Gurjar Kshatriya Kadia are minority communities of Gujarat which are listed among the Other Backward Classes of Gujarat. community. Muslim Gurjars are mostly found in Punjab, Pakistann, mainly concentrated in Northern Punjabi cities of Gujranwala, Gujrat, Gujar Khan, Jehlum and Lahore, Afghanistan and Indian Himalayan regions such as Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Garhwal and Kumaon divisions of Uttarakhand. He, however, acknowledged, the caste system is a powerful factor to decide loyalties and voters preferences in AJK politics. She cites a myth that any Rajput claim Gurjars may have comes through a Rajput marrying a Brahmin woman, and not through older Kshatriya clan.
Top castes in Pakistan according to population percentage As the years went by, Gujjar territory expanded across much of India, northern Pakistan and even into Afghanistan.
leading founders to organise and start the war(Jehad) to liberate Afghanistan 12. [35], Irawati Karve, an indologist and historian, believed that the Gurjars' position in society and the caste system generally varied from one linguistic area of India to another. [41] Morena, Samthar, Dholpur, Saharanpur and Roorkee were also some of the places ruled by Gurjar Kings. By 1525, when Babur invaded India, he saw that the Gurjars of northern Punjab were already Muslims. The Gurjaras started fading from the forefront of history after the 10th century CE. They are primarily involved in agriculture, livestock farming and dairy. Xing Xiang(China), Tibet, Nepal, Bhuttan, Sakkum, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Weblargest caste in pakistan gujjar. now draw a strategy to form a true representative Aghan-Government. They usually reside as a pastoral community on the outskirts of major cities. Based on these early dates, it has been proposed by some authors that Gurjara identity might have been present in India as early as the 3rd century CE, but it became prominent only after the fall of Guptas. iv Qandhar,
largest caste in pakistan Pakistan has given world cricket some of the finest talents, be it in the bowling department or batting. WebGurjar are an ethnic group in India, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Maliks & Gujjars share the 5 th spot in top castes in Pakistan: Malik: Malik, you must have at least a friend who is Malik, because there is a huge number of Maliks Gurjar or Gujjar (also transliterated as Gujar, Gurjara[1][2][3] and Gujjer) is an ethnic nomadic,[4][5][6] agricultural and pastoral community, residing mainly in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan,[7] divided internally into various clan groups. 11. GUJJARS : A Warrior Tribe Who It is part of our caste series. WebThe Gujur are comprised of three very closely related people groups that are known collectively as the "Gujur Rajasthani." ], which became prominent after the collapse of the Gupta Empire. However, they claim that they constitute more than 20% of the population, and allege undercounting because of their nomadic lifestyle, saying that when the censuses were held in 2001 and 2011, half of their population had been in the upper reaches of the Himalaya. According to Gulzar Usmani, another Muzaffarabad-based political analyst, since political parties have fielded candidates from the same community against each other, the votes of dominant biradari will split. What is the most common surname in Pakistan? The largest caste in Punjab were the Jats, who were found in all three religious communities of the Punjab, and accounted for 20% of the total population. [29] Banabhatta, the author of Harshacharita, mentions that Harsha's father Prabhakravardhana (560-580 CE) was "a constant threat to the sleep of Gurjara"apparently a reference to the Gurjara king or kingdom. The over 30-Million Gujjars in Pakistan and 20-Billion Gujjars in India had They claim their ancestry from the ancient royal warrior dynasties in India and track their roots back to Rajpootana which is a part of Rajasthan. Rajpoot means son of the king. It is a prominent social group in Punjab especially in Pakistan. [59], In May 2007, during violent protests over the reservation issue, members of the Gurjar community clashed with the police. what was the premier league called before; They are the brave
Political parties have distributed mandates among representatives of these castes depending on the concentration of their populations in the particular constituencies. [1][8] The historical role of Gurjars has been quite diverse in society: at one end they have been founders of several kingdoms and dynasties and, at the other end, some are still nomads with no land of their own. viii Tamroze, and These politicians know the power of their respective biradaris. [46] In September 1857, the British were able to enlist the support of many Gurjars at Meerut. WebAnswer (1 of 26): As per my ingo rajputs are in maximum quantity in pakistan.we r misguided sometimes and that is coz rajputs are sbdivided into bhattis joyas kharals