He grew up with his two siblings namely Danny Gaither and Mary Ann Gaither. Gaither's Homecoming tours, which started in 1991, brought together major stars of the southern gospel and CCM industry, sparking a revival of the genres. $14.99 Save 5%. Now you can enjoy your favorite Gaither artists and songs on one station - Pandora. For an optimal experience visit our site on another browser. I'm so glad I'm a part of the Family of God,I've been washed in the fountain, cleansed by His Blood!Joint heirs with Jesus as we travel this sod,For I'm part of the family,The Family of GodMusic video by Bill Gaither performing The Family Of God (Live At Gaither Studios, Alexandria, IN/2022). Hess was a member of Bill Gaithers Homecoming concert series, and his death is not considered a shock, as he was part of Gaithers Homecoming Christmas Tour. Gaither and his wife, Gloria, have written many songs including: "The Longer I Serve Him," "Because He Lives," "The King Is Coming," "Sinner Saved By Grace", "Something Beautiful," "He Touched Me", "It Is Finished," "Jesus, There's Something About That Name" "I'm Gonna Sing", and "Let's Just Praise The Lord." Barr, the Baylor University history professor, said Gothards fundamentalist patriarchal teachings help create environments where abuse is more likely to go unchecked. The Little Wooden Church on the Hill 4. Later he worked full time in the Christian music industry. Gloria frequently writes the lyrics while Bill writes the music, though they frequently work together on projects. He completed his Earthly assignment on August 5 at the age of 55. Vestal Goodman was known as the Queen of Southern Gospel Music and was renowned for her distinctive handkerchief. Learn about Bill Gaither's age, height, weight, dating, wife, girlfriend & kids. How can I check my divorce . He had previously performed with such country and gospel icons as Marie Osmond, Jake Hess, and Dolly Parton. They continue to focus their resources on investing in eternal things, including as much time as possible spent with their 3 grown children and 7 brilliant grandchildren. The Gaither Vocal Band has lost several members. He obtains a ton from his appearance on TV shows. Bill's wife, Gloria Gaither, emerges from the throng of onstage luminaries to embrace Sandi. Village Name. Robert Glasper is an American singer and songwriter, record producer, pianist, and arranger. Almost all of the videos in the series follow a similar format. Danny Gaither (also known as Danny Gaither), the original tenor voice of the Bill Gaither Trio, died at the age of 62. Hunter said her parents had attended Gothards seminars and committed to having no television. Jake Hess, a founder of the Imperials and a member of the Statesmen Quartet, also passed away in a hospital. Gloria Gaither often writes the lyrics while Bill writes the music, although composing is usually a collaborative project between the two. Age/How We provide you with the latest gossip, news and videos straight from the celebrity world. Charlotte Ritchie He is considered one of the most talented gospel singers in the country. Sadly, many members of the Gaither Vocal Band have passed away over the years. They feared him, in a way," former IBLP follower Elizabeth Hunter said of Bill Gothard, above. Two-time GRAMMY-nominated Gospel music sweethearts Jeff & Sheri Easter share everyday stories of life and love on their new "Treasure" CDs. He also lent his talents to television shows and music concerts in Branson, including Jubilee and the PTL Club. Date Of Birth/Birthday: Exciting new releases and specials abound in this latest issue. She was then fully focused in writing songs and singing with Bill. They said his Institute in Basic Life Principles helped deepen their faith. Bill Gaither Net Worth | Celebrity Net Worth The IBLP said it still derives income from donations, conference fees and the occasional sale of unused capital assets such as real estate (other revenue). Income from conference and program fees has fallen because Basic Seminars are now free online, it said, and shorter programs have replaced extended residential courses. Over 30 hours, he taught attendees how to lead successful lives by following his interpretation of Biblical principles and warned them away from television, popular music, alcohol, dating and public schools. Listed below are some of the most notable. McSpadden was a former member of the Oak Ridge Boys and a vocal legend who performed with many other groups, including the Statesmen, Oak Ridge Boys, and Imperials. Bill Gaither Net Worth 2023: Age, Height, Weight, Wife, Kids, Bio-Wiki Leroys Buddy / Honey Hill) [Remastered 2016]. In about 1964 Bill's wife, Gloria, took the place of Mary Ann. They have written some very popular and well-known gospel music . Jonathan Pierce, formerly of the Gaither Vocal Band, died of pancreatic cancer in 2010. Order Date. Bill Gaither 2023: Wife, net worth, tattoos, smoking & body facts - Taddlr Hill was 55. He generates his fortunes from his career as a singer. What denomination is Church of the Nazarene? At the moment, it is famous for Gaither Homecoming videos. Bill Gaither Family and Relationship Father's Name: George Gaither Mother's Name: Lela Gaither Siblings: Mary Ann, Danny Gaither Spouse: Gloria Sickal Children/ Kids: Benjy Gaither, Amy Gaither, Suzanne Gaither Bill Gaither Net Worth and Salary Net Worth: $12 million dollars (approx. Check for a concert near you! Danny Gaither and Bill Gaither were the other members of the group. Mark Lowry, Michael W. Smith, Sandi Patty, Carman, Steve Green, Don Francisco, Amy Grant, Michael English, Jonathan Pierce, Karla Worley, and Cynthia Clawson are all CCM artists who either got their start or became popular while touring with the Gaithers. Her musical career began when she volunteered to write songs for a friend during her time at the, Read More Who is Macy Grays Ex HusbandContinue. bio, net worth, age, daughters, husband, teeth, wikipedia, wedding, Share This Post On WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram & Telegram, Classic Moments From The Bill Gaither Trio, Vol. Feast your eyes on the surrounding beauty God has created and feed your soul on the music from some of Gospel Musics greatest talents! Bill Gaither - The Family Of God (Live At Gaither Studios, Alexandria Announcing 2023 tour dates. 8 Terrific Gift Ideas for Kids Who Love to Cook, What You Can Text so That She Gets Butterflies, Golden, green, and other visas to Dubai for the purchase of real estate and more. However, Stephens legacy lives on in many of the singers he performed with. About Gaither Vocal Band Tour Albums. The family presently dwells in Indiana. Despite his busy schedule as a pastor, McSpadden focused on his music career, eventually stepping down from his position as co-pastor of the church. After decades of unprecedented musical successes, Bill and Gloria still operate their business from Bills hometown of Alexandria, Indiana, and they dwell in the same home in which they raised their family. Our 2022 Christmas catalog has something for everyone! And the Duggars shows have been canceled: 19 Kids and Counting in 2015 amid revelations that their eldest son molested four of his sisters as a young teen and Counting On last year ahead of his child pornography trial and eventual conviction. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Ministry that once nourished Duggar family's faith falls from grace Scandal brought "19 Kids and Counting" to an end, coinciding with the waning influence of the Institute in Basic Life. Mike Huckabee is quoted on the IBLP website calling the Basic Seminar some of the best programs available for instilling character into the lives of people. GOP megadonor Jim Leininger sat on the IBLP advisory board and then-Texas Rep. Sam Johnson on the Board of Directors until 2012. Bill Gaither born William J. Gaither, is an American singer and songwriter of Southern gospel and Contemporary Christian music. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 6PM Evening Concert, Sunday, May 28 He has two kin also. Bill Gaither's Disobedience to God's Word - Way of Life Literature He has acquired a great deal from his singing profession. Bill served in the United States Air Force. We are thrilled to announce that Gaither Homecoming television specials now air on DISH TV Channel 276 all day, every day! Who: Bill Gaither and the Gaither Vocal Band, with vocalists Charlotte Ritchie and Gene McDonald, and guitarist-comedian Kevin Williams. In the 1980s, Gaither was involved with Paragon Associates, which formed a partnership with Zondervan to buy Benson Records, which is now part of Sony BMG Music Entertainment. Gaither Music Group / 2014 / Compact disc. In addition to being a member of the group, McSpadden was a pastor at the Faith and Wisdom Church in Branson, Missouri. What are the beliefs of the Nazarene Church? He celebrates his birthday on 28th of March every year. He has an immense fan following across the world. Nick Name/Celebrated Name: 15 Gaither's Singers that passed away ideas - Pinterest Do NOT follow this link or you will be banned from the site! Current and former Nazarenes include James Dobson, Thomas Kinkade, Bill Gaither, Debbie Reynolds, Gary Hart, and Crystal Lewis. What religion is Bill and Gloria Gaither? Bill is a marriedman, he ismarriedtoGloria Sickal. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. 2021) Salary: To be updated Source of Income: Music This death has prompted mourners to sing along with the Goodman familys recordings. Jeremy Camp is an American contemporary Christian music singer and songwriter. Bil and his wife, Gloria, have written more than 700 songs. Songwriters of the century. William (Bill) J. Gaither is an American singer and songwriter of southern gospel and Contemporary Christian music. Pre-order available. Similar artists to Bill Gaither Gaither Vocal Band 14 Concerts Jason Crabb 1 Concerts The Crabb Family Bill Gaither Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images Gaither Music will release Phelps's newest recording, Hymnal, on March 22. "He Touched Me", which he recorded in 1964, was his breakthrough song. He formed his first group the Bill Gaither Trio consisting of him, and his two siblings. Here are some interesting facts and body measurements you should know about Gaither. He was born and raised a Catholic, and like most church lovers, he is very attached to his family. Zahriya Zachary is an American Worship Singer and Songwriter. He celebrates his birthday on March 28th every year and his birth sign is Aries. Bill Gaither Homecoming, Age, Wife, Children, Siblings, Net Worth In an interview with Fox News a few weeks later, his parents said he had confessed to them, first in 2002 when he was 14 years old, and that some of the victims were his sisters. After retirement from the band, he continued to perform as a solo artist and was inducted into the Gospel Music Association Hall of Fame three times. Well, how well do you know about Bill Gaither? He celebrates his birthday on March 28th every year and his birth sign is Aries. His songs have been performed by Christian artists (David Crowder*Band, Carman, Sandi Patty, The Cathedral Quartet, The Speers and The Heritage Singers), country singers (The Statler Brothers) and pop artists (Elvis Presley). Elizabeth Hunter, 27, was raised in Greenville, Texas, knowing her future role was to be a wife and mother and that her father would one day help pick her husband. The Gaither Vocal Band also lost Mark Lowry, the original tenor in the Bill Gaither Trio. Enjoy three evening concerts as well as two morning worship services featuring a different speaker each day as well as more of your favorite Homecoming music. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Contact us here. Joint heirs with Jesus as we travel this sod, For I'm part of the family, the family of . The Collingsworth Family - Fri only Bill does not have a long list of dating history. Bill Gaither Best Songs List: Top, New, & Old | AllMusic Michael Rowsey Read More Zahriya Zachary Bethel Music Age, Husband, College, Songs, Net WorthContinue, Who is Macy Gray? . He was born on March 28, 1936, in Alexandria, Indiana,United States. Since Gaither first began singing with the Bill Gaither Trio in the 1950s, he has constantly been performing. Apart from this, he also runs a YouTube channel called GaitherVEVO and has gained more than 100,000 subscribers in the same. You have entered an incorrect email address! . 866-295-4143, fbns@wayoflife.org. Fans Also Viewed Monster Jam See all 165 Events Monster Energy Supercross Their music was inspired by the Southern gospel music they grew up listening to. Ragsved, Stockholm, Sweden Phil will be greatly missed by all who knew and worked with him as well as . Schedule of Events: Bill Gaither - The Family Of God (Live At Gaither Studios, Alexandria, IN/2022) Gaither Music TV 2.89M subscribers Subscribe 139K views 2 months ago Bill Gaither - The Official Video. Bill Gaither (gospel singer) - Wikipedia Matthew Holt He was also a soloist, writer, and television host. While you may have missed a particular member, remember that he was an integral part of the Gaither Vocal Band. Birth Place: In March 2014, Gothard resigned from the IBLP board of directors amid allegations he had sexually harassed and molested women who worked for the organization. Bill & Gloria Gaither - The Family of God [Live] Gaither Music TV 2.91M subscribers 270K views 10 years ago Bill & Gloria Gaither - Official Video for 'The Family of God [Live]',. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. This is a weekend you dont want to miss! 2019: Because He Lives: 12 Homecoming Favorites 2018: Bill Gaither's Best Of Homecoming 2019 2018: Bill Gaither's Classic Country Gospel Favorites 2017: Give The World A Smile (DVD) 2017: Sweeter As The Days Go By 2017: Give The World A Smile 2017: Sweeter As The Days Go By (DVD) 2017: Bill Gaither's Best Of Homecoming 2018 2017: Hymns In The Heartland 2016: Let The Glory Come Down Read More Jenna Winders Barrientes Husband, Wedding, Age, Songs, Net WorthContinue, Who is Jeremy Camp? We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Did you miss your chance to pre-order your Family Fest 2023 t-shirt. By 2013, a year before Gothards departure, total revenue was just $5.4 million, and it was operating at a loss. Gaither Store and Restaurant Closing - Singing News Magazine EU Calls for Sack of INEC Chairman, Tinubus Disqualification? Is a business community property in California divorce? Geni requires JavaScript! (*$5.50 processing fee will apply) In marriage, a mans role is to provide servant leadership while the woman responds with reverent submission and assistance, preached Gothard, who has never married. Each DVD comes with special bonus features including behind the scenes footage, interviews, and Gaither comedy. Bill Gaither Christian Musician Worship Leader Types Of Music Brock Speer 1920 - 1999 (Age 78) Died from Heart attack More like this Showing Editorial results for bill gaither. In 1981, the band changed its name to the Gaither Vocal Band and added Lee Young and Steve Green to their lineup. *Artists subject to change without notice, 234 Historic Nature Trail Become a premium member for special access to content from Gaither Homecoming. Danny Gaither won several Grammy and Dove awards for his work and was inducted into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame in April 1999. A Nashville-based Christian musician, Jonathan Pierce was born and raised in Odessa, Texas. Stephen Hill later died of breast cancer. They live a lifestyle focused on investing their resources into eternal things. The Gaither Homecoming label has been used for more than 60 music videos, dozens of music albums, and an annual performance tour that attracted more than 500,000 people in 2004. There is this real market within conservative Protestantism for safe and authoritative advice Gothard was in at the ground floor of this, Kobes Du Mez said. The IBLP said an internal investigation it had found no criminal activity but concluded Gothard had acted in an inappropriate manner and would no longer have any role in the organization. Bill Gaither Homecoming Radio 4+ - App Store I'm so glad I'm a part of the family of God-I've been washed in the fountain, cleansed by His blood! Have you seen any mistakes? William J. "Bill" Gaither - Genealogy - geni family tree While singing, she was renowned for her distinctive beehive hairstyle, full-length gowns, and white handkerchief. He grew up with his two siblings namely Danny Gaither and Mary Ann Gaither. More of a family than a vocal group, the Gaither Gospel Group have for decades brought the world heartfelt and homespun renditions of classic hymns and gospel songs. Can you use recordings as evidence in California? What happened to Bill and Gloria Gaither? [Solved!] Case Type. Guy Penrod was with the group from 19952008 and Mark Lowry from 1988-2001. 2022 Gaither Music Group, LLC.http://vevo.ly/74X92S Play Sample I Believe In A Hill Called Mount Calvary. To visit GaitherTV now, go to www.gaither.tv! Danny Gaither and Bill Gaither were the other members of the group. Bill Gaither's Country Gospel Favorites DVD/CD $19.95 Released Date: 2014 Closed Captioned/Subtitled Package Includes: 1 DVD & 1 CD Add To Cart Cliff Barrows: Celebrating The Music Of The Billy Graham Crusades DVD with A Billy Graham Music Home $19.95 Released Date: 2014 Closed Captioned Packages Includes: 1 DVD & 1 CD Add To Cart Bill Gaither Homecoming Radio is sad to report the passing of long-time producer, writer, and host, Phil Brower, on May 6, 2020. He was born on March 28, 1936 in Alexandria, Indiana, United States. The band members are Bill & Gloria Gaither and their Homecoming Friends and Gaither Vocal Band. How old are the Collingsworth family members? His folks were Lela Gaither and George Gaither. Bill Gaither comes from United States and was born in 1936. The Gaither Vocal Band has lost another member in the form of Gary McSpadden. . Related:Armani White Parents, Net Worth, Girlfriend, Age, Songs. Gaithers | Alexandria Monroe Historical Society JESUS, WE JUST WANT TO THANK YOU de BILL GAITHER : Musica, mp3 en alta He had previously performed with such country and gospel icons as Marie Osmond, Jake Hess, and Dolly Parton. The music community mourns the loss of Stephen. Bill has finished his education from a secondary school and afterward joined Anderson College which is considered from the best in his respective state. The couple spent the first five years of their union juggling full-time teaching jobs, writing, singing, recording and publishing until music became their full-time work in 1967. William J. Gaither. Jim Bob and Michelle Duggar said in their statement to NBC News: The public accusations against Dr. Gothard in recent years are troubling and grievous. This includes his assets, money and income. It got a massive reaction from the crowd. Gloria Gaither - Wikipedia He was also a solo artist and enjoyed a brief stint in contemporary Christian music. He is popular for being a Rock Singer. The affirmations of the church include justification by grace through faith alone in Jesus Christ, sanctification by grace through faith united with good works, entire sanctification as an inheritance available to every Christian, and the witness of the Spirit to Gods work in human lives. He keeps a sound way of life and is living happily with his wife and three children. Michelle and Jim Bob Duggar speak at the Values Voter Summit in Washington in 2010. Pastor Bob Marvel - Guest Speaker - Sunday After quitting the group, Pierce found solo success in Contemporary Christian Music; his voice is notably heard on GVBs I Believe In A Hill Called Mt. A native of Greenville, North Carolina, Hill moved to Tennessee in the 1980s and sang in many, Danny Gaither and Bill Gaither were the other members of the group. A former member of the Gaither Vocal Band, Hill was a solo artist who had sung in numerous television specials and DVDs. Wes Hampton He formed his first group, the Bill Gaither Trio (consisting of Bill, his sister Mary Ann and brother Danny), in 1956 while a college student at Anderson College. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Bill is married to Gloria Gaither since 1962. On Dec. 9, Josh Duggar, 33, was convicted of downloading and possessing child sex abuse images on his work computer. He doesnt share his details in public and tries to remain away from media attraction. The family lives together in Alexandria in Indiana. February 12, 2019 Alexandria, IN (Feb. 11, 2019) Since the mid-1960s, Gospel legends Bill and Gloria Gaither have maintained a busy schedule full of many pursuitsraising a family, writing songs, touring, operating various businesses, and so forth. Bill attended college at Anderson College, to which he shifted after one-year from Taylor University. She is married to Bill Gaither and together they have written more than 700 songs. Let the music and laughter refresh your soul. At the heart of Gothards teachings was the importance of respecting God-given authority. He preached a strict hierarchy of divine authority, with Jesus at the top followed by church elders, employers and husbands, who are responsible for protecting their wives and children below them. Ministry that once nourished Duggar family's faith falls from grace They said they never received any form of payment in exchange for their involvement with the IBLP. Gaither was born to Lela Gaither, George Gaither. The couple has been doing music helping each other, this has resulted to them writing more than 700 popular gospel songs, including the hymnal standard Because He Lives, The King Is Coming, Something Beautiful, He Touched Me, It Is Finished, Theres Something About That Name, Lets Just Praise The Lord, and Loving God, Loving Each Other.. Kevin Mimms net worth: bio, age, wikipedia, state farm, movies and tv shows, Is Kevin Mimms gay? They married in 1962 and they have been together in marriage for a record 60 years. He was also a soloist, writer, and television host. . Table of Contents show. Personal Life: Dating, Girlfriends, Wife, Kids, Net Worth, Salary & Earnings of Bill Gaither in 2023, Angelica Hale Net Worth 2023, Age, Height, Weight, Biography, Wiki and Career Details, Malcolm Nance Net Worth 2023, Age, Height, Weight, Biography, Wiki and Career Details, Chrissy Metz Net Worth 2023, Age, Height, Weight, Biography, Wiki and Career Details. Bill Gaither Trio - Classic Moments - Vol 2 . He was so talented that he later toured with the band and, Nashville, Tennessee, native Stephen Hill died unexpectedly Sunday morning while performing in his final concert. After decades of unprecedented musical successes, Bill and Gloria still operate their business from Bill's hometown of Alexandria, Indiana, and they dwell in the same home in which they raised their family. Daughter of William Gaither (2) and Gloria Gaither, married to Barry Jennings (3). After the band split in 1967, McSpadden became pastor of a large nondenominational church in Fort Worth, Texas. Jeff & Sheri Easter - - Sat & Sun What can you do after Valentines Day to make your sweetheart happy? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Then she turns and Vestal Goodman; sometimes dubbed "the Queen of Gospel Music", hugs her tight and. He is currently working several film and TV projects as well as producing and writing music. When will you be back to Visalia Ca. Gaither has a high bass voice (or low baritone), and would often sing while playing a guitar with the Bill Gaither Trio. She performed, traveled and recorded with the Bill Gaither Trio from 1965 through 1991. Bill marriedGloria Sickalin 1962,his wife became the best writing partner he could have found anywhere. The Family Of God. Caroline Radnofsky is a supervising reporter forNBC News' Social Newsgathering team based in London. Party Name. Lowry refuses to fake anything with Gaither Vocal Band His energy, talent, and commitment to Christ were constant. John Groove has over 20 years of experience specializing in divorce and family law. He Touched Me; The King Is Coming; New Point Of View; The Family Of God; Because Of Whose I Am; He's Still The King Of Kings; Something Worth Living For; Sweet, Sweet Spirit Michael Phelps Net Worth: Vacations, Investment & Charity. !Many people over the years have asked him if he was Bill Gaitherand wanted an autograph crazy huh. Television and the internet, which Gothard so railed against, have broadened the market and shifted Americans toward other forms of evangelism, she said. Mark Lowry Response To Gay Rumors Amid Married Questions! - LIVERAMPUP We do not agree with everything taught by Dr. Bill Gothard or IBLP, but some of the life-changing Biblical principles we learned through IBLPs ministry have helped us deepen our personal walks with God, Jim Bob and Michelle Duggar said in a statement. Gaither Vocal Band arrived on the New Age scene with the release of the album 'Alleluia!Praise Continues' released on August 8, 1993. There is no teaching by IBLP that women are inferior to men because there is no such teaching in the Bible. During this time, he also served as Jake Hess backup singer. It does not store any personal data. His primary source of income is his career as a musician. The single 'There's Something About That Name' quickly became a fan favorite and made Gaither Vocal Band one of the newest emerging talents at that moment. Gaither Addison remembered as a determined fighter Bill and Gloria still live in Alexandria, Indiana, and have three grown children. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. They are graduates of Anderson College, a Church of God school, and attend a Nazarene church. Why Are Prefab Sports Buildings Getting Popular? She was born Gloria Lee Sickal in 1942 in Michigan, a daughter of pastor Lee Sickal and Dorothy Sickal. Nashville, Tennessee, native Stephen Hill died unexpectedly Sunday morning while performing in his final concert. Stephen Hill later died of, Ahora, the last release of the Romo-Agri-Messiez, ranked in the top, Is it possible to buy an L-shaped sofa cover today, THE IMMACULATE CROWS AND THEN THERE WERE TWO, How to Handle Disappointment When Someone You Love Hurts You The Most, The David Phelps And The Gaither Vocal Group Scandal, Ahora, the last release of the Romo-Agri-Messiez, ranked in the top 5 albums of the year. When you look at evangelicalism as a consumer culture at books on marriage, sex and how to be a Christian man or woman, you can see Gothards fingerprints all over the place, even though theyre not citing him, she said. Bill Gaither has won several awards and has been nominated for many awards. Subscribe to Gaither TV for full access to the Gaither Television specials. The Gaither Vocal Band brings their time-tested, GRAMMY-winning talents to Love Songs a new EP out today via Gaither Music Group. Gothard had prominent supporters. Russ Taff - Sat & Sun Family Fest 2023 - 3 Day Event - Gaither Music He declined to comment when reached by phone. Duggar was never arrested or charged with a crime related to the allegations. Yet some Americans recognized their own values in the fundamentalist Christian family, as well as the influence of one man: Bill Gothard, founder of the Institute in Basic Life Principles. [5] It was created as part of the Gaither Music Company to handle in-house productions, including the Gaither Homecoming series. In about 1964 Bill's wife, Gloria, took the place of Mary Ann.