With regard to the mega-dams, the Gilgel Gibe III Dam and the GERD speak volumes on the substance of Zenawis political ideology. Egypt Forced to Negotiate on Nile Dam. [18]
Impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Downstream Countries These conflicts could take the form of international armed conflicts (between states), non-international armed conflicts between a group and a state, or conflicts between non-state groups. The dispute has prompted numerous international interventions, including by Gulf Arab states, which have issued political statements and led mediation efforts. February 14, 2022 JPEG
(PDF) Benefit of Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Project (GERDP) for The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Gets Set to Open - Hiiraan Online In turn, Egypt water policy and management should be changes or modified to overcome the great challenges.
The Politics Of The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam - Analysis The Danger of Multi-Party Democracy and Free Elections in Plural Societies Recognizing the Muslim Brotherhood as a Legitimate Player in Egyptian Politics was a Big Mistake Ethiopian Partnering with ASKY to Establish West African Cargo Hub Ethiopia and China's ZTE singed $800 million mobile deal H and M to build factories in Ethiopia Practically from the outset, the World Bank and international donors withdrew funding due to a lack of transparency, driven home when it was learned that the construction had begun without a permit from the Environmental Protection Agency in Ethiopia. (2012). Why the Nile could see a 'water war'. His successor, Mohamed Morsi, said that Egypt was prepared to defend each drop of Nile water with blood. An armed conflict has not emerged, but there are suggestions that Egyptian intelligence services undermined Ethiopia internally by assisting the Oromo Liberation Front in its campaign of civil unrest in Ethiopia in 2016. The researchers looked at the dynamic interactions between the Nile's hydrology and infrastructure and Egypt's economy. It and several other large dams in Ethiopia could turn the country into Africa's hydropower hub. When it is completed, with its concrete volume of 10.2 million m3, GERD will feature the largest dam in Africa. Article IV of the DoP provides that the parties shall utilize their shared water resources in their respective territories in an equitable and reasonable manner and Article III provides that the parties shall take all appropriate measures to prevent the causing of significant harm in utilizing the Blue/Main Nile. Ethiopia can make a strong case that the operation of the Dam complies with each principle.
Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam - Wikipedia khadsyy Plus.
A Grand New Dam on the Nile - NASA If the relevant parties can agree to these goals, the agreement, in the end, will need to include technical language that ensures equitable sharing of the Nile. To date, no significant harm has been caused to Egypt or Sudan as a result of the ongoing construction of the GERD. These discussions highlighted benefits such as more consistent water flow, minimising the risks of flood and drought, and the potential for discounted hydroelectricity produced by the Dam. If it is allowed to reach dangerous levels, water scarcity has the potential to trigger conflicts. The Zenawi concept of a Strong Ethiopia envisions the country as a powerful hydroelectric energy hub exporting electricity to Djibouti and Somalia in the east, Kenya and Uganda to the south, and Sudan to the west. The latter, in Article 2(4), allocated acquired rights of 66% of Nile water to Egypt and 22% to Sudan (with the remaining 12% attributed to leakage). This is because it is traditionally understood to refer to waterways that form intrinsic parts of international boundaries. Negotiations resumed three weeks after Al-Sisi took office in June 2014, and an agreement was made to resume negotiations - an achievementhailed by both Egypt and Ethiopia as a new chapter in relations between Egypt and Ethiopia based on openness and mutual understanding and cooperation (Omar, 2014). As mentioned above, Ethiopias dam-construction strategy is intimately linked with large-scale foreign investment in the agrarian sector and specifically in areas near the artificial reservoirs created by the dams. Afraid that a drought might appear during the filling period, Egypt wants the filling to take place over a much longer period. Egypt, fearing major disruptions to its access to the Nile's waters, originally intended to prevent even the start of the GERD's construction.
What are the disadvantages of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam This is hardly a revelation, as this strategy has long been foremost in the minds of the ruling elites in Addis Ababa and supported by the international powers. Ethiopia is pinning its hopes of economic development and power generation on the Blue Nile dam, which Egypt fears will imperil its water supply. The GDP per capita in Ethiopia is only $475. In the imperialist age, Ethiopian emperors threatened to alter the course of the Nile and stop its flow to Egypt. At stake, too, is . Another difficulty for Egypt is that making this argument (i.e. Sudan, caught between the competing interests of both Egypt and Ethiopia, has been changing its stance on the issue. Note that, under Article 62(2) VCLT, territorial treaties are excepted from the change in circumstances rule. (2011). Moreover, after the completion of the GERD, Egypt could run short of water if the operation of the GERD was not carefully coordinated with that of the AHD. Ethiopias strategy for dam construction goes far beyond developmental goals. In any event, the dispute remains. The establishment of the Renaissance Dam on the Blue Nile, up 145 and a storage capacity of 74 . Despite the fact that newly independent Sudan in the late 1950s was literally forced by a dominant Egypt into a highly asymmetrical water-sharing arrangement, Sudan has rarely challenged this arrangement.
The Untold Story of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam The grand Ethiopian Renaissance dam (eg) - SlideShare Moreover, with GERD, Ethiopia opts for a hydropower expansion strategy on the Blue Nile, and not an irrigation strategy. Sima Aldardari. Further, it means that this figure should be used to assess the impact of the Dam on the Egyptian economy for the purposes of calculating compensation resulting from loss of flow. The Eastern Nile Basin is of critical geopolitical importance to the Niles overall hydro-political regime.
The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Africa's Water Tower "I came to Cairo on my first official trip to the region to hear . These parallel developments appear to be elements of a bigger hydro-political strategy wherein the riparian countries aim to increase their water utilisation to put facts on the ground (and underpin legal claims based on those uses) and increase their bargaining position for renegotiations of volumetric water allocations. This article considers water security in the context of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (the Dam). In contrast, if water from the Dam were to be used for irrigation purposes by Ethiopia (i.e. Flashcards.
Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) - ArcGIS StoryMaps Ethiopia has two major plans for these rivers, which both flow into Somalia, in the form of the Wabe Shebelle and the Genale Dawa power plants.
(DOC) Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam - Academia.edu Flashcards. Indeed, Sudan had initially opposed the Dam but changed its position in 2012 after consultations with Ethiopia. Ethiopias dam-construction strategy threatens not only Kenyas water-resource development efforts but also Somalias water security, as is evidenced by Ethiopias development plans for the Jubba and Shebelle Rivers. What could have been strictly technical negotiations have turned into a political deadlock. The three fillings hitherto, with the most recent in August 2022, imposed no discernible harm on downstream states.
UN ready to promote 'win-win solution' for Blue Nile dam project Link, P.M. et al. Hence, it seems that such an argument would receive a warm welcome from the current bench were the matter ever to be adjudicated there. A series of talks since then have largely failed to produce a consensus among the concerned countries, with tensions rising again after Ethiopia announced its intention to begin filling the dam in July 2020. A regional framework for the management of the Nile already existsthe Nile Basin Initiative mentioned abovewhich is a partnership among the Nile riparian states that was launched in 1999.
Why is the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam contentious? There are suggestions that Egyptian officials in the World Bank managed to precipitate a policy that funds would only be awarded for non-contentious water projects, thus precluding funding for the Dam. Ethiopia's Grand Renaissance Dam: Ending Africa's Oldest Geopolitical Rivalry? Also, the Sudanese Foreign Ministry later held the Egyptian side accountable for failure of these negotiations. Following the fall of Mengistu Haile-Mariams regime in Ethiopia in 1991, Ethiopia experienced a remarkable rise in the construction of dams and hydroelectric power stations. Von Lossow, T. & Roll, S. (2015). It too has legal arguments it could adduce in support of its position that the Dam is permitted under international law. Although talks chaired by President Cyril Ramaphosa of South Africa on behalf of the African Union have resolved many issues associated with the filling of the GERDs reservoir, there is still no agreement on the role that the dam will play in mitigating droughts. Because the strategy of land allocation and dam construction relied on senior executive decisions and foreign funding from China, above all, the government was largely freed of pressures of transparency and accountability. However, for the reasons given above, the Nile Waters Treaties are unlikely to be considered territorial treaties.
Who Is Financing Ethiopia's Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam? July 26, 2022. The Dam is being built by Ethiopia on the Nile River and is fiercely opposed by Egypt. GIGA Focus No. Although Egypt and Sudan are likely to resist efforts to include the other upstream riparians in the negotiations or to allow a regional organization, such as the NBI, to serve as an implementing organ, they must understand that the Nile River is a regional watercourse and its management must be approached from a regional perspective. Article 7 provides that watercourse states must take all appropriate measures to prevent significant harm to other watercourse States and that, where harm does occur, there shall be consultations to discuss the question of compensation. Finally, Article 8 requires that watercourse states cooperate on the basis of sovereign equality, territorial integrity, mutual benefit and good faith.. The Dam is used to generate electricity and went into partial operation in 2022. Match. In short, the Nile Waters Treaties do little to constrain Ethiopias ability to construct the Dam.
Factbox: Key facts about Ethiopia's giant Nile dam | Reuters Therefore, a negotiated position that favours Ethiopia is likely to be reached once it becomes politically palatable enough inside Egypt.
Fast Track Approach to Design and Construction at Grand Ethiopian