I say, the right of a state to annul a law of Congress, cannot be maintained, but on the ground of the unalienable right of man to resist oppression; that is to say, upon the ground of revolution. I regard domestic slavery as one of the greatest of evils, both moral and political. These irreconcilable views of national supremacy and state sovereignty framed the constitutional struggle that led to Civil War thirty years later. Several state governments or courts, some in the north, had espoused the idea of nullification prior to 1828. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 . Religious Views: Letter to the Editor of the Illin Democratic Party Platform 1860 (Douglas Faction), (Northern) Democratic Party Platform Committee. This absurdity (for it seems no less) arises from a misconception as to the origin of this government and its true character. The debate can be seen as a precursor to the debate that became . After his term as a senator, he served as the Governor of South Carolina. Compare And Contrast The Tension Between North And South. I admit that there is an ultimate violent remedy, above the Constitution, and in defiance of the Constitution, which may be resorted to, when a revolution is to be justified. Daniel Webster stood as a ready and formidable opponent from the north who, at different stages in his career, represented both the states of New Hampshire and Massachusetts. Available in hard copy and for download. Wilmot Proviso of 1846: Overview & Significance | What was the Wilmot Proviso? What was the main issue of the Webster-Hayne debate? I understand the honorable gentleman from South Carolina to maintain, that it is a right of the state legislatures to interfere, whenever, in their judgment, this government transcends its constitutional limits, and to arrest the operation of its laws. TeachingAmericanHistory.org is a project of the Ashbrook Center at Ashland University, 401 College Avenue, Ashland, Ohio 44805 PHONE (419) 289-5411 TOLL FREE (877) 289-5411 EMAIL [emailprotected], The Congress Sends Twelve Amendments to the States, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 3rd Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 3rd Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 4th Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 4th Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 6th Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 6th Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 7th Debate Part I, National Disfranchisement of Colored People, William Lloyd Garrison to Thomas Shipley. For all this, there was not the slightest foundation, in anything said or intimated by me. . . Compare And Contrast The Tension Between North And South Since as Vice President and President of the Senate, Calhoun could not take place in the debate, Hayne represented the pro-nullification point-of-view. Speech to the U.S. House of Representatives. . This means that South Carolina is essentially its own nation, Georgia is its own nation, and so on. Foote Idea To Limit The Sale Of Public Lands In The West To New Settlers. It moves vast bodies, and gives to them one and the same direction. I understand him to maintain this right, as a right existing under the Constitution; not as a right to overthrow it, on the ground of extreme necessity, such as would justify violent revolution. . He tells us, we have heard much, of late, about consolidation; that it is the rallying word for all who are endeavoring to weaken the Union by adding to the power of the states. But consolidation, says the gentleman, was the very object for which the Union was formed; and in support of that opinion, he read a passage from the address of the president of the Convention[3] to Congress (which he assumes to be authority on his side of the question.) But, sir, we will pass over all this. I understand him to maintain an authority, on the part of the states, thus to interfere, for the purpose of correcting the exercise of power by the general government, of checking it, and of compelling it to conform to their opinion of the extent of its powers. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. . . The Webster-Hayne Debate: An Inquiry into the Nature of Union by Stefan The significance of Daniel Webster's argument went far beyond the immediate proposal at hand. By the time it ended nine days later, the focus had shifted to the vastly more cosmic concerns of slavery and the nature of the federal Union. There was no clear winner of the debate, but the Union's victory over the Confederacy just a few decades later brought Webster's ideas to fruition. The debate was important because it laid out the arguments in favor of nationalism in the face of growing sectionalism. The Revelation on Celestial Marriage: Trouble Amon Hon. Union, of itself, is considered by the disciples of this school as hardly a good. Well, let's look at the various parts. Mr. Hayne having rejoined to Mr. Webster, especially on the constitutional question. Congress could only recommendtheir acts were not of binding force, till the states had adopted and sanctioned them. I distrust, therefore, sir, the policy of creating a great permanent national treasury, whether to be derived from public lands or from any other source. The honorable gentleman from Massachusetts while he exonerates me personally from the charge, intimates that there is a party in the country who are looking to disunion. They will not destroy it, they will not impair itthey will only save, they will only preserve, they will only strengthen it! Robert Young Hayne spent more than two decades in elected offices, including mayor of Charleston, member of South Carolina's legislature, attorney general, and then governor of the state. . Some of Webster's personal friends had felt nervous over what appeared to them too hasty a period for preparation. Strange was it, however, that in heaping reproaches upon the Hartford Convention he did not mark how nearly its leaders had mapped out the same line of opposition to the national Government that his State now proposed to take, both relying upon the arguments of the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions of 179899. My life upon it, sir, they would not. Mr. Webster arose, and, in conclusion, said: A few words, Mr. President, on this constitutional argument, which the honorable gentleman has labored to reconstruct. Webster scoffed at the idea of consolidation, labeling it "that perpetual cry, both of terror and delusion." What Hayne and his supporters actually meant to do, Webster claimed, was to resist those means that might strengthen the bonds of common interest. succeed. . . .Readers will finish the book with a clear idea of the reason Webster's "Reply" became so influential in its own day. . Nullification Crisis | American Battlefield Trust Sir, I cordially respond to that appeal. The gentleman insists that the states have no right to decide whether the constitution has been violated by acts of Congress or not,but that the federal government is the exclusive judge of the extent of its own powers; and that in case of a violation of the constitution, however deliberate, palpable and dangerous, a state has no constitutional redress, except where the matter can be brought before the Supreme Court, whose decision must be final and conclusive on the subject. . On that system, Carolina has no more interest in a canal in Ohio than in Mexico. In our contemplation, Carolina and Ohio are parts of the same country; states, united under the same general government, having interests, common, associated, intermingled. The great debate, which culminated in Hayne's encounter with Webster, came about in a somewhat casual way. An accomplished politician, Hayne was an eloquent orator who enthralled his audiences. Perhaps a quotation from a speech in Parliament in 1803 of Lord Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, 2nd Marquess of Londonderry (17691822) during a debate over the conduct of British officials in India. Now, I wish to be informedhowthis state interference is to be put in practice, without violence, bloodshed, and rebellion. . [Its leader] would have a knot before him, which he could not untie. Regional Conflict in America: Debate Over States' Rights. . Well, the southern states were infuriated. Nullification, Webster maintained, was a political absurdity. Foot calling for the temporary suspension of further land surveying until land already on the market was sold (to effectively stop the introduction of new lands onto the market). It is worth noting that in the course of the debate, on the very floor of the Senate, both Hayne and Webster raised the specter of civil war 30 years before it commenced. The debate was on. . The measures of the federal government have, it is true, prostrated her interests, and will soon involve the whole South in irretrievable ruin. . . In a time when the country was undergoing some drastic changes, this debate managed to encapsulate the essence of the growing tensions dividing the nation. The people of the United States have declared that this Constitution shall be the Supreme Law. . Between January and May 1830, twenty-one of the forty-eight senators delivered a staggering sixty-five speeches on the nature of the Union. . Sir, we narrow-minded people of New England do not reason thus. Speech on Assuming Office of the President. Webster rose the next day in his seat to make his reply. Hayne, South Carolina's foremost Senator, was the chosen champion; and the cause of his State, both in its right and wrong sides, could have found no abler exponent while [Vice President] Calhoun's official station kept him from the floor. On the one side it is contended that the public land ought to be reserved as a permanent fund for revenue, and future distribution among the states, while, on the other, it is insisted that the whole of these lands of right belong to, and ought to be relinquished to, the states in which they lie. The impression which has gone abroad, of the weakness of the South, as connected with the slave question, exposes us to such constant attacks, has done us so much injury, and is calculated to produce such infinite mischiefs, that I embrace the occasion presented by the remarks of the gentleman from Massachusetts, to declare that we are ready to meet the question promptly and fearlessly. Even the revenue system of this country, by which the whole of our pecuniary resources are derived from indirect taxation, from duties upon imports, has done much to weaken the responsibility of our federal rulers to the people, and has made them, in some measure, careless of their rights, and regardless of the high trust committed to their care. It is the common pretense. Pet Banks History & Effects | What are Pet Banks? Sir, the opinion which the honorable gentleman maintains, is a notion, founded in a total misapprehension, in my judgment, of the origin of this government, and of the foundation on which it stands. More specifically, some of the issues facing Congress during this period included: Robert Y. Hayne served as Senator of South Carolina from 1823 to 1832. It was about protectionist tariffs.The speeches between Webster and Hayne themselves were not planned. This seemed like an Eastern spasm of jealousy at the progress of the West. Prejudice Not Natural: The American Colonization "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? Competing Conceptions of Union and Ordered Liberty in He was dressed with scrupulous care, in a blue coat with metal buttons, a buff vest rounding over his full abdomen, and his neck encircled with a white cravat. We see its consequences at this moment, and we shall never cease to see them, perhaps, while the Ohio shall flow. Besides that, however, the federal government was still figuring out its role in American society. . The following states came from the territory north and west of the Ohio river: Ohio (1803), Indiana (1816), Illinois (1818), Michigan (1837), Wisconsin (1848) and Minnesota (1858). . Visit the dark and narrow lanes, and obscure recesses, which have been assigned by common consent as the abodes of those outcasts of the worldthe free people of color. What followed, the Webster Hayne debate, was one of the most famous exchanges in Senate history. They significantly declare, that it is time to calculate the value of the Union; and their aim seems to be to enumerate, and to magnify all the evils, real and imaginary, which the government under the Union produces. | 12 A speech by Louisiana Senator Edward Livingston, however, neatly explains how American nationhood encompasses elements of both Webster and Hayne's ideas. webster hayne debate Flashcards | Quizlet The scene depicted in the painting is Webster concluding his debate with Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. An error occurred trying to load this video. Hayne was a great orator, filled with fiery passion and eloquent prose. The Webster-Hayne debate concluded with Webster's ringing endorsement of "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable." In contrast, Hayne espoused the radical states' rights doctrine of nullification, believing that a state could prevent a federal law from being enforced within its borders. In fact, Webster's definition of the Constitution as for the People, by the People, and answerable to the People would go on to form one of the most enduring ideas about American democracy. ", What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?. So soon as the cessions were obtained, it became necessary to make provision for the government and disposition of the territory . . Two leading ideas predominated in this reply, and with respect to either Hayne was not only answered but put to silence. Correspondence Between Anthony Butler and Presiden State of the Union Address Part II (1846). . The Webster-Hayne Debates | Teaching American History The Senate debates between Whig Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Democrat Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina in January 1830 started out as a disagreement over the sale of Western lands and turned into one of the most famous verbal contests in American history. In 1830, the federal government collected few taxes and had two primary sources of revenue. It would be equally fatal to the sovereignty and independence of the states. Webster also tried to assert the importance of New England in the face of . . God grant that, in my day, at least, that curtain may not rise. When the gentleman says the Constitution is a compact between the states, he uses language exactly applicable to the old Confederation. We had no other general government. I maintain that, from the day of the cession of the territories by the states to Congress, no portion of the country has acted, either with more liberality or more intelligence, on the subject of the Western lands in the new states, than New England. . A state will be restrained by a sincere love of the Union. It was plenary then, and never having been surrendered, must be plenary now. . The tendency of all these ideas and sentiments is obviously to bring the Union into discussion, as a mere question of present and temporary expediency; nothing more than a mere matter of profit and loss. It is to state, and to defend, what I conceive to be the true principles of the Constitution under which we are here assembled. . The real significance of this debate was in each man's interpretation of the United States Constitution. Our notion of things is entirely different. He must say to his followers [members of the state militia], defend yourselves with your bayonets; and this is warcivil war. Web hardcover $30.00 paperback $17.00 kindle nook book ibook. Rush-Bagot Treaty Structure & Effects | What was the Rush-Bagot Agreement? . Nor shall I stop there. But the topic which became the leading feature of the whole debate and gave it an undying interest was that of nullification, in which Hayne and Webster came forth as chief antagonists. The Webster-Hayne Debate: Defining Nationhood in the Early American . . There was an end to all apprehension. This was the tenor of Webster's speech, and nobly did the country respond to it. It would enable Congress and the Executive to exercise a control over states, as well as over great interests in the country, nay, even over corporations and individualsutterly destructive of the purity, and fatal to the duration of our institutions. To them, this was a scheme to give the federal government more control over the cost of land by creating a scarcity. Why was the Hayne-Webster debate important? - eNotes.com This government, sir, is the independent offspring of the popular will. The states cannot now make war; they cannot contract alliances; they cannot make, each for itself, separate regulations of commerce; they cannot lay imposts; they cannot coin money. Noah grew a vineyard, got drunk on wine and lay naked. It is observable enough, that the doctrine for which the honorable gentleman contends, leads him to the necessity of maintaining, not only that this general government is the creature of the states, but that it is the creature of each of the states severally; so that each may assert the power, for itself, of determining whether it acts within the limits of its authority. I will struggle while I have life, for our altars and our fire sides, and if God gives me strength, I will drive back the invader discomfited. Hayne's First Speech (January 19, 1830) Webster's First Reply to Hayne (January 20, 1830) Hayne's Second Speech (January 21, 1830) Webster's Second Reply to Hayne (January 26-27, 1830) This page was last edited on 13 June 2021, at . In this regard, Webster anticipated an argument that Abraham Lincoln made in his First Inaugural Address (1861). T he Zionist-evangelical back story goes back several decades, with 90-year-old televangelist Pat Robertson being a prime case study.. One of the more notable "coincidences" or anomalies Winter Watch brings to your attention is the image of Robertson on the cover of Time magazine in 1986 back before the public was red pilled by the Internet -as the pastor posed with a gesture called . Sir, I am one of those who believe that the very life of our system is the independence of the states, and that there is no evil more to be deprecated than the consolidation of this government. . We resolved to make the best of the situation in which Providence had placed us, and to fulfil the high trust which had developed upon us as the owners of slaves, in the only way in which such a trust could be fulfilled, without spreading misery and ruin throughout the land. We look upon the states, not as separated, but as united. In contrasting the state of Ohio with Kentucky, for the purpose of pointing out the superiority of the former, and of attributing that superiority to the existence of slavery, in the one state, and its absence in the other, I thought I could discern the very spirit of the Missouri question[1] intruded into this debate, for objects best known to the gentleman himself. sir, this is but the old story. Which of the following is the best definition of a hypothesis? Be this as it may, Hayne was a ready and copious orator, a highly-educated lawyer, a man of varied accomplishments, shining as a writer, speaker, and counselor, equally qualified to draw up a bill or to advocate it, quick to memories, well fortified by wealth and marriage connections, dignified, never vulgar nor unmindful of the feelings of those with whom he mingled, Hayne moved in an atmosphere where lofty and chivalrous honor was the ruling sentiment. . Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Finding our lot cast among a people, whom God had manifestly committed to our care, we did not sit down to speculate on abstract questions of theoretical liberty. Connecticut and other northeastern states were worried about the pace of growth and wanted to slow this down. The answer is Daniel Webster, one of the greatest orators in US Senate history, a successful attorney and Senator from Massachusetts and a complex and enigmatic man. I know, full well, that it is, and has been, the settled policy of some persons in the South, for years, to represent the people of the North as disposed to interfere with them, in their own exclusive and peculiar concerns. Hayne launched his confident javelin at the New England States. . Hayne quotes from the Virginia Resolution (1798), authored by Thomas Jefferson, to protest the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798). If an inquiry should ever be instituted in these matters, however, it will be found that the profits of the slave trade were not confined to the South. I propose to consider it, and to compare it with the Constitution. . Well, you're not alone. If I could, by a mere act of my will, put at the disposal of the federal government any amount of treasure which I might think proper to name, I should limit the amount to the means necessary for the legitimate purposes of the government. They switched from a. the tariff of 1828 to national power . I am opposed, therefore, in any shape, to all unnecessary extension of the powers, or the influence of the Legislature or Executive of the Union over the states, or the people of the states; and, most of all, I am opposed to those partial distributions of favors, whether by legislation or appropriation, which has a direct and powerful tendency to spread corruption through the land; to create an abject spirit of dependence; to sow the seeds of dissolution; to produce jealousy among the different portions of the Union, and finally to sap the very foundations of the government itself. It was motivated by a dispute over the continued sale of western lands, an important source of revenue for the federal government. Most people of the time supported a small central government and strong state governments, so the federal government was much weaker than you might have expected. The Webster-Hayne debate was a series of spontaneous speeches delivered before the Senate in 1830. They tell us, in the letter submitting the Constitution to the consideration of the country, that, in all our deliberations on this subject, we kept steadily in our view that which appears to us the greatest interest of every true Americanthe consolidation of our Unionin which is involved our prosperity, felicity, safety; perhaps our national existence. [was] fixed, forever, the character of the population in the vast regions Northwest of the Ohio, by excluding from them involuntary servitude. Sir, if we are, then vain will be our attempt to maintain the Constitution under which we sit. Eloquence threw open the portals of eternal day. But, according to the gentlemans reading, the object of the Constitution was to consolidate the government, and the means would seem to be, the promotion of injustice, causing domestic discord, and depriving the states and the people of the blessings of liberty forever. Speech of Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, January 25, 1830. . In January 1830, a debate on the nature of sovereignty in the America. Those who are in favor of consolidation; who are constantly stealing power from the states and adding strength to the federal government; who, assuming an unwarrantable jurisdiction over the states and the people, undertake to regulate the whole industry and capital of the country. . . foote wanted to stop surveying lands until they could sell the ones already looked at . . I supposed, that on this point, no two gentlemen in the Senate could entertain different opinions. The dominant historical opinion of the famous debate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Young Hayne of South Carolina which took place in the United States Senate in 1830 has long been that Webster defeated Hayne both as an orator and a statesman. The United States' democratic process was evolving and its leaders were putting the newly ratified Constitution into practice. we find the most opposite and irreconcilable opinions between the two parties which I have before described. . . Go to these cities now, and ask the question. . In whatever is within the proper sphere of the constitutional power of this government, we look upon the states as one. . No doubt can exist, that, before the states entered into the compact, they possessed the right to the fullest extent, of determining the limits of their own powersit is incident to all sovereignty. This statement, though strong, is no stronger than the strictest truth will warrant. . If they mean merely this, then, no doubt, the public lands as well as everything else in which we have a common interest, tends to consolidation; and to this species of consolidation every true American ought to be attached; it is neither more nor less than strengthening the Union itself. . The 1830 WebsterHayne debate centered around the South Carolina nullification crisis of the late 1820s, but historians have largely ignored the sectional interests underpinning Webster's argument on behalf of Unionism and a transcendent nationalism. The Hayne-Webster Debate - Constitution.org [O]pinions were expressed yesterday on the general subject of the public lands, and on some other subjects, by the gentleman from South Carolina [Senator Robert Hayne], so widely different from my own, that I am not willing to let the occasion pass without some reply. Ah! . We are ready to make up the issue with the gentleman, as to the influence of slavery on individual and national characteron the prosperity and greatness, either of the United States, or of particular states. Debate on the Constitutionality of the Mexican War, Letters and Journals from the Oregon Trail. Webster-Hayne debate - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Some of his historical deductions may be questioned; but far above all possible error on the part of her leaders, stood colonial and Revolutionary New England, and the sturdy, intelligent, and thriving people whose loyalty to the Union had never failed, and whose home, should ill befall the nation, would yet prove liberty's last shelter. . The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions Add Song of the Spinners from the Lowell Offering. And who are its enemies? Do they mean, or can they mean, anything more than that the Union of the states will be strengthened, by whatever continues or furnishes inducements to the people of the states to hold together? Is it the creature of the state legislatures, or the creature of the people? . The Webster-Hayne Debate - 1830 - YouTube 1830's APUSH Flashcards | Quizlet Such interference has never been supposed to be within the power of government; nor has it been, in any way, attempted. In all the efforts that have been made by South Carolina to resist the unconstitutional laws which Congress has extended over them, she has kept steadily in view the preservation of the Union, by the only means by which she believes it can be long preserveda firm, manly, and steady resistance against usurpation. Nor those other words of delusion and folly,liberty first, and union afterwardsbut everywhere, spread all over in characters of living light, blazing on all its ample folds, as they float over the sea and over the land, and in every wind under the whole Heavens, that other sentiment, dear to every true American heartliberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable! If I had, sir, the powers of a magician, and could, by a wave of my hand, convert this capital into gold for such a purpose, I would not do it.
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